[카테고리:] Uncategorized

My practice has helped me develop several proven strategies to lower these risks. Here’s what I recommend if you use marijuana:
You should try cutting back slowly if you notice cognitive symptoms. The good news is that symptoms usually get better within a month of reducing use. Make sure you work with your doctor during this process.

Here’s how you can protect your brain health:

-Take cognitive function tests regularly
-Do aerobic exercise often
-Try mindfulness and meditation

Your genes can affect how you react to marijuana. That’s why I tell my patients to:

-Start with lower THC content products
-Watch how their body responds
-Keep talking to their healthcare providers

You should keep a usage journal if you smoke marijuana regularly. Track changes in your memory, mood, and thinking. This helps catch problems early and lets you get help when needed.

Medical precautions

A major safety concern associated with medical cannabis is the possibility of medical use encouraging or transitioning into recreational use, which is associated with side effects that range from acute to chronic. Acute effects include intoxication, impaired cognition and motor function, elevated heart rate, anxiety, and psychosis in predisposed individuals. Chronic effects include bronchitis (from smoked cannabis), psychological cannabis dependency, loss of motivation, and cognitive deficits. By and large these effects seem to disappear on abstinence.
Medical cannabis may be riskier and perhaps contraindicated if a patient has a personal or family history of psychosis, unstable cardiac disease, and lung disease. Physicians advise medical cannabis users not to use tobacco, either alone or mixed with cannabis. They also are advised not to drive or operate machinery while initiating or changing doses and if impaired by the drug. Apart from possible synergistic effects of cannabis with other psychotropic medications, such as sedatives and hypnotics, there are no known major drug-drug interactions.
The primary purpose of medical cannabis use is symptom relief and improved function and overall quality of life. Reductions in doses (if not complete cessation) of other medications should be strongly considered. Clinical evidence of such outcomes is lacking, however, and it remains the responsibility of the treating physician and the patient to work toward the achievement of mutually agreed-upon goals.

Individual Factors Affecting Response

My research career studying marijuana’s effects has shown me something fascinating – people react very differently to the same cannabis dose. Let me share what science tells us about these variations.

Genetic considerations

Our genes shape how we process marijuana. Studies show genetic variations account for 50-70% of individual differences in cannabis use and misuse. My observations confirm that genetic factors shape both the therapeutic benefits and potential risks of marijuana use.

These genetic factors shape marijuana response:

-Variations in CB1 receptor genes
-Polymorphisms in THC-metabolizing enzymes
-Differences in endocannabinoid system genes
-Genetic variations affecting dopamine function

Some patients with specific CYP2C9 gene variations can have THC levels up to 300% higher in their system. This explains why some of my patients feel more intense effects than others from identical doses.

 

Marijuana transforms how we see our environment. My clinical observations reveal consistent patterns in perception changes.
Studies show users experience:
-Altered time perception
-Heightened sensory experiences
-Changes in spatial awareness
-Modified body movement perception
These perceptual changes affect coordination and problem-solving abilities. Without doubt, these effects become more noticeable if you have high-potency products or limited experience.
My research reveals that cannabis use influences impulse control and social perceptions. Studies link marijuana use with increased impulsivity and hostile behaviors on the same day of use. Normal social interactions might suffer as users often see increased hostility in others.

Impact on Different Body Systems

My clinical practice has shown that marijuana affects body systems nowhere near what most people think. Let me tell you about how this complex plant works with different functions in our body.

Digestive system effects

Marijuana can substantially change how our gastrointestinal tract works. Research shows that regular cannabis users often develop specific gastrointestinal problems, especially GERD and pancreatitis. My research reveals several ways cannabis alters our digestive system:
-It slows down stomach emptying and reduces acid production
-It changes how food moves through the GI tract
-It can cause chronic nausea and vomiting in some users
Young adults under 35 who use marijuana have a higher risk of developing pancreatitis. This worries me because many users don’t know about these potential risks.

Endocrine system changes

Marijuana’s impact on the endocrine gadget is complex. My research confirms that cannabis interacts with multiple hormone systems thru the endocannabinoid device. Here’s what we usually see:

Thyroid Function:

-Lower thyroid hormone levels with short-term use
-Changes in thyroid receptor expression
-Shifts in metabolic regulation

Growth Hormone:

-Lower baseline GH levels in blood
-Disrupted release patterns
-Changes in somatostatin release

Immune system response

My research has uncovered fascinating details about how marijuana affects immune function. Our lungs protect us first against inhaled substances, and cannabis can change this defense system substantially. Here’s what we know about marijuana’s effect on immune cells:
-It lowers inflammation in various disease models
-It changes both innate and adaptive immune systems
-It can weaken NK cell function and cytolytic activity

Regular cannabis smoke inhalation changes immune cell populations. Research shows an increase in both tissue-resident and monocyte-derived alveolar macrophages. These changes matter especially if you have a weakened immune system.
The sort of thing I love is how cannabinoids can either boost or suppress immune function. This depends on:
-Drug concentration
-Timing of delivery
-Type of cell function analyzed
Research shows these effects typically happen at concentrations higher than needed for psychoactivity (>10 μM or >5 mg/kg). This means recreational users might experience different immune system effects than medical marijuana patients who use higher doses.

Long-Term Health Implications

My decades of research on marijuana’s effects have shown that long-term cannabis use has complex health implications we need to think over.

Chronic use effects

Regular marijuana use affects cognitive function by a lot. Studies show that long-term cannabis users’ IQ drops by 5.5 points from childhood. My research shows that people who use marijuana heavily (at least weekly) show noticeable problems across several cognitive areas.
Heavy users face bigger problems. People who smoke marijuana four or more times per week show more cognitive issues. What worries me is that a long-term user’s family and friends often notice their memory and attention problems.

Potential health risks

Long-term marijuana use creates health risks beyond just cognitive problems. My clinical data shows several worrying patterns:

Respiratory Issues:
-Daily cough with colored mucus
-Higher chance of bronchitis and lung infections
-Scarring of small blood vessels

Mental health risks are a vital concern. Research shows that about 1 in 10 adult users develop cannabis use disorder. Teenagers face even higher risks – they’re four to seven times more likely than adults to develop this disorder.
Long-term marijuana use puts stress on your heart and blood vessels. It can:
-Raise blood pressure
-Increase stroke risk in adults under 55
-Make heart disease more likely

My medical practice has shown me how marijuana affects the body right after use. Let me explain the quick changes that happen throughout your body systems.

Cardiovascular system response

Marijuana triggers noticeable changes in your cardiovascular function the moment it enters your system. Cannabis can make your heart rate jump by 20-50 beats per minute. This faster heart rate can last up to three hours after smoking.
The immediate cardiovascular effects include:
-An increase in blood pressure
-A boost in cardiac output by approximately 2.0 L/min
-A rise in total vascular conductance

Respiratory system changes

The way marijuana affects your breathing depends on how you take it. My clinical observations show that smoking marijuana causes the most serious breathing issues. The smoke has many of the same toxins and irritants as tobacco smoke. The cannabis smoke tends to be hotter and more irritating to the bronchi.
Here’s something interesting – smoking just one joint with 2% THC creates quick bronchodilation that lasts about an hour. Regular use can lead to breathing problems. People who smoke cannabis now face a higher risk of needing asthma medications.

Muscular and nervous system impacts

Your muscular and nervous systems react just as quickly. Recent research shows cannabinoids can change muscle function in two different ways. They have an effect on the neuromuscular junction in which nerve alerts meet muscle tissue. They additionally exchange how muscle cells release calcium, which plays a critical role in muscle contraction.
So you might experience:
-Changes in coordination and balance
-Altered reaction times
-Muscle relaxation effects
The sort of thing I love is how marijuana can suppress muscle sympathetic nerve activity in healthy people. This explains why my patients often feel physically relaxed soon after using it, though it can also affect their coordination and physical performance.

Short-Term Mental and Emotional Changes

My extensive research on marijuana’s effects shows that mental and emotional changes start within minutes of use. Let me share what science tells us about these quick psychological changes.

Mood alterations

Most people experience euphoria or relaxation at first. Clinical studies show marijuana triggers various emotional responses:
-Feelings of happiness and relaxation
-Increased irritability or restlessness
-A better sense of wellbeing
-Possible anxiety or paranoia, especially when you have high THC doses
Emotional responses can vary substantially between individuals. Research shows younger users tend to develop more positive attitudes. Older individuals usually maintain a neutral stance.

Memory and cognition effects

The way marijuana affects cognitive function deserves special attention. Studies reveal several changes in mental processing:
-Learning and memory impairment
-Decreased attention span
-Reduced processing speed
-Altered perceptual motor function
-Changes in language processing
The sort of thing I love is how these effects can last up to 24 hours. Heavy or frequent use leads to bigger cognitive challenges. Research shows early marijuana use can disrupt normal development of gray matter, a vital brain tissue for mental functions.

Studies note that early marijuana use can interrupt the normal development of gray matter, a type of brain tissue that helps control mental functions, increasing schizophrenia risks. Early exposure to marijuana is also linked to changes in areas of the brain that are often connected with psychosis.
Using pot heavily, especially in your teen years, may leave more permanent effects. Imaging tests found that some adolescents who used marijuana had fewer connections in parts of the brain linked to alertness, learning, and memory. Tests also show lower IQ scores in some people.

Long-term lung effects

Marijuana smoke can inflame and irritate your lungs. If you use it often, you may have the identical respiratory problems as a person who smokes cigarettes. You may additionally have ongoing coughing with coloured mucus, and your lungs might also extra easily pick up infections. This may be because THC can weaken your immune gadget.

Heart attack risk

Cannabis makes your coronary heart work tougher. Normally, it beats about 50-70 times a minute. But that could leap to 70-120 beats or greater in step with minute for 3 hours after the effects of THC kick in. The delivered stress, plus tar and different chemical substances which can be often present in weed, may also increase your danger of having a coronary heart assault or stroke. The hazard is greater in case you’re older or if you already have coronary heart troubles.

Periodontal (gum) disease

Smoking and vaping tobacco can motive bacteria to develop under your gums, which can cause this circumstance. Frequent marijuana use causes the equal bad effects. Periodontal sickness does not just reason tooth loss but has additionally been linked to many different fitness problems, which includes coronary heart disorder and preterm hard work.

Marijuana and fertility

If you or your companion are looking to have a toddler, doctors endorse which you each forestall the usage of marijuana. Some studies shows that it is able to affect both male and girl fertility, however lots extra studies desires to be accomplished.

Marijuana and cancer

Regular use may raise your risk of cancers in your lungs, head, and neck, but more research is needed. Limited evidence suggests that heavy cannabis use may lead to one type of testicular cancer. And there’s not yet enough information on whether it may lead to other cancers, including:
-Prostate
-Cervical
-Bladder

Understanding THC and CBD interaction

Our mind has a tremendous network called the endocannabinoid machine (ECS), which stands as one of the fundamental neural modulators in our worried machine. This system responds to two primary compounds in marijuana: THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) and CBD (cannabidiol).

These compounds work differently in your brain:

THC acts as a partial agonist at CB1 receptors and affects areas that control memory, emotion, and movement
CBD works in more complex ways by reducing neurotransmitter reuptake and acting on multiple receptor systems

Neurotransmitter changes

Marijuana disrupts our brain’s communication system in intricate ways. THC enters the brain and influences how neurotransmitters are released. Here’s what it does:
-Glutamate release – THC can increase VGLUT1 in the medial prefrontal cortex
-GABA circuits – These make up nearly three-quarters of brain CB1 receptors
-Dopamine function – THC can change reward processing in the striatum

Blood-brain barrier effects

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) shows one of the most important ways marijuana affects our brain. This barrier acts like our brain’s security system. It protects against harmful substances while letting beneficial compounds pass through.

CBD shows remarkable effects on BBB function. My research shows it can:
-Protect BBB integrity during inflammatory conditions
-Reduce barrier alterations in experimental diabetes
-Improve membrane integrity through tight junction proteins
These findings matter greatly for medical applications. CBD’s protective effects on the BBB can last up to two hours after administration. This suggests we could use it to treat various neurological conditions.
The fascinating part is that THC mainly affects CB1 receptors in the brain, while CBD works through multiple pathways, including PPARγ and 5-HT1A receptors. This explains why different marijuana strains can affect brain function in such varied ways.

While marijuana offers numerous benefits, it is not without risks:

Mental Health:

High doses of THC  can spark off tension, paranoia, and, in uncommon times, psychosis.

Addiction:

Around 9% of users can also broaden hashish use disease, characterized by using dependency and withdrawal signs.

Impaired Driving:

Marijuana influences response time and coordination, increasing the risk of accidents.

Adolescent Use:

Early and frequent use can disrupt brain development and lead to long-term cognitive deficits.

Debates and Controversies

Public Health:Proponents argue that marijuana is much less dangerous than alcohol and tobacco, even as fighters warn of capability health dangers, specifically for younger humans.
Social Equity:Legalization efforts goal to address the disproportionate impact of marijuana prohibition on marginalized groups.
Regulation:Ensuring product protection, stopping underage use, and dealing with marketing are ongoing demanding situations in legalized markets.

How does marijuana affect your brain?: Explaining the science

The technology in the back of marijuana’s interplay with your brain is charming. As a neurologist, I love studying these complicated interactions, mainly when you have exceptional marijuana compounds affecting our neural pathways.

Marijuana and mental health

Using marijuana can also enhance your probabilities of medical despair or get worse the signs and symptoms of a intellectual health circumstance that you have already got. Scientists aren’t but positive why.
In high doses, weed can cause psychosis, which makes you paranoid or causes you to lose music of what’s real and what’s no longer. You would possibly listen or see things that aren’t there and might have lengthy-lasting ordinary mind. Psychosis lessens as your excessive comes down.
Psychosis is a symptom of a critical clinical situation called schizophrenia. Schizophrenia also affects the manner you understand what is real, but it includes other signs and symptoms, together with problem with speech and now not being capable of attention and show emotions. Also, schizophrenia, not like psychosis, is a protracted-term situation.
Recent research indicates that if you start to use marijuana at a young age, use it often. For a long period, you can be prone to having schizophrenia or different intellectual conditions that contain psychosis. This hazard may be better in younger men or human beings assigned male at delivery, mainly among sixteen and 25.
Studies additionally note that in case you’re liable to a intellectual situation, you will be more likely to smoke marijuana at an earlier age, maybe as a way to medicate your self.
Once you have got schizophrenia, preventing marijuana use might not make the situation or its signs go away.
If you think you’re hooked on marijuana, getting an early diagnosis can help with treatment and prevent the threat of continual conditions like schizophrenia.

Short-Term Effects:

The uses are for example to relieve pain, bring about euphoria, relaxation, increase appetite, and alter sensory perceptions. Possible side effects are xerostomia, ery conjunctivae, memory impairment, and poor motor coordination.

Long-Term Effects:

It proves addictive, and particularly when used frequently or from a young adult’s age, it causes a negative effect on brain functioning. Smoking marijuana also produces respiratory ramifications comparable to smoking cigarettes although less so if the smoke is inhaled from a vaporizer or when it is ingested from an edible product.

Legal Landscape

The legality of marijuana varies widely across the globe:

Fully Legalized:

Countries like Canada and Uruguay have legalized both medicinal and recreational marijuana.

Decriminalized:

Nations such as Portugal and the Netherlands allow personal use in small quantities.

Medicinal Use Only:

Many countries, including Germany and Australia, permit marijuana for medical purposes but prohibit recreational use.

Prohibited:

In international locations like Japan and Saudi Arabia, marijuana stays strictly illegal, with harsh penalties for possession or use.
Marijuana being a legalized herb in the United States has been permitted for leisure use in greater than twenty states and for medicinal use in other many. However it remains listed beneath Schedule I underneath federal law as a result; the challenges of a Schedule I substance stand up.

Economic Impact

The legalization of marijuana has sparked a booming industry:
Job Creation: Legal markets have created thousands of jobs in cultivation, distribution, and retail.
Tax Revenue:Countries together with Colorado have benefitted immensely from marijuana revenue, funding in education, healthcare, and infrastructure projects.
Investment Opportunities:The hashish industry attracts full-size funding, with startups and installed businesses vying for marketplace proportion.

It significances and resultant benefits arise from the chemical makeup of marijuana. Here are its primary components:

THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol):

The main psychotropic constituent which is attributed to the ‘rush.’
Attaches to receptors inside the mind which impacts temper,urge for food and perception.

CBD (Cannabidiol):

Cannabinoid that does not cause intoxication but is recognized to have curative properties.
Believed to lower anxiety levels, inflammation, and seizures while not having the ability to elevate the user’s mood.

Terpenes:

The organic compounds responsible for marijuana’s smell.
Known to increase its benefits with help of the so-called entourage effect.

Other Cannabinoids:

This substance contains other related chemical molecules, such as cannabigerol (CBG) and cannabinol (CBN), for which the potential benefits are still investigated.

Uses of Marijuana

Medicinal Applications:

Pain Relief:Marijuana has been verified to be powerful in dealing with chronic ache, in particular for conditions like arthritis, fibromyalgia, and neuropathy.
Epilepsy: CBD-based totally pills which incorporates Epidiolex are FDA-normal for treating unusual kinds of epilepsy like Dravet syndrome.
Mental Health: Responsible use of marijuana can alleviate signs of tension, publish-traumatic stress ailment (PTSD), and despair. However, immoderate use can also exacerbate the ones conditions.
Cancer Treatment Support: Marijuana allows control side results of chemotherapy, consisting of nausea, vomiting, and urge for food loss.
Neurological Disorders: Emerging studies indicates capability blessings for situations like a couple of sclerosis and Parkinson’s disorder.

Recreational Use:

Marijuana is broadly used for its enjoyable and euphoric effects. It can decorate sensory stories and offer a experience of well-being.

Industrial Hemp:

Industrially cultivated forms of cannabis are the ones that contain low levels of THC. Hemp fibers are involved in fabrics and paper and biodegradable products while hemp seeds are standard nutrition source.

Marijuana or hashish is the part of the plant of the genus Cannabis sativa
which has been used for hundreds of years for scientific,
amusing and commercial functions.
The plant has chemical materials called cannabinoids of which THC
and CBD are maximum famous.
This article is a comprehensive dialogue on the beyond and
gift of marijuana as an invariable factor of the social fact today and
an analysis of its makes use of and effects,
criminal situation, and controversies.

What is marijuana?

Marijuana is a substance that has thoughts-converting results.
Other names for marijuana encompass weed, pot, and dope.
Although people frequently use the terms “marijuana” and “hashish” interchangeably,
there are variations:
Cannabis: Sativa denotes all the products
which might be harvested from the sativa plant.
This variety consists of its dried plants, leaves, stems and seeds.
It has more than 500 chemical substances known to guy.
CBD is certainly one of such materials Cannabidiol is its legit call.
Marijuana: This defines elements or products derived from the Substance Cannabis sativa bearing more than trace amounts of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).
This is the main chemical (cannabinoid) responsible for psychoactivity (makes you feel ‘high’).
In different phrases, marijuana is hashish, however no longer all forms of cannabis are marijuana (contain THC).
Marijuana is one of the maximum used drugs inside the United States, particularly amongst teens.
In 2021, 35.4% of people elderly 18 to 25 (11.8 million humans) stated using marijuana inside the past year.
Scientifically, there are numerous unknowns concerning marijuana. Researchers are nevertheless studying the lengthy-time period and quick-term effects of this substance.

Historical Context

Marijuana’s first use can be dated back to part ancient years.
A study of the earliest known uses of cannabis indicates that this plant was utilized in the part of the world we today call Central Asia prior to 5000 BCE primarily for a psychoactive as well as a medicinal purpose.
In ancient China, it was used to cure diseases such as pain and inflammation.
Ancient Chinese use plant: The Chinese pharmacopoeia, said to be compiled around 2800 BC, include cannabis as a treatment for malaria, rheumatic diseases etc.
Marijuana has been used in Indian spirituality and medicine, according to legends from the prehistoric period.
Called “bhang” such preparation was used during religious ceremonies because of its effects on the improvement of meditation and alleviation of the distress.
It also made its way to Middle East and Africa in the middle ages where it became culturally as well as medically relevant society, including utilization in rites as well as different kinds of diseases remedies.
While cannabis use has been traced back to ancient civilizations, it was only around the 19th century that it became widespread in the occident and was being incorporated into a plethora of compounds which could be purchased in UK chemist shops without prescription.
However, after the early twentieth century the culture evolved and marijuana started to being regulated and stigmatized.
The Marihuana Tax Act of 1937 in United State regulate the use and growth of Marijuana so as to banned the practice for the next several years.

As of 1 January, Kentucky residents can legally purchase medical marijuana, and qualified Kentuckians who are 18 years of age or older and have no criminal record can pay a $25 application fee and receive a medical marijuana card from the Office of Medical Cannabis to use for purchases at licensed dispensaries. To date, there are 48 licensed dispensaries in Kentucky.

How to screen licensed marijuana dispensaries

Matthew Bratcher, executive director of KentuckyNORML, said a list of licensed dispensaries can be found on the Office of Medical Cannabis website.

Effects of medical marijuana

1. pain relief: It is effective in reducing pain caused by nerve damage and chronic pain.

2. Controls nausea and vomiting: Relieves nausea and vomiting that occurs after chemotherapy.

3. Increases appetite: It has an appetite-boosting effect on patients who have lost a lot of weight.

Side effects of medical marijuana

1. cognitive decline: memory and concentration may be temporarily impaired.

2. Mental health issues: It can cause mental health issues such as anxiety, seizures, etc.

3. Cardiovascular problems: It can cause increased heart rate and frequent blood pressure fluctuations.

Other side effects may include respiratory problems, vomiting, and more, so consult your doctor before taking it.

The role of the National HIDTA Assistance Center is of great importance when
we talk about the fight against drug trafficking and drug abuse. HIDTA, which
is the division of High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas, is a federal initiative
that provides focused law enforcement support in areas of the country where
illegal drug traffic is highest. The National HIDTA Assistance Center plays a
landmark role for HIDTA programs that streamline and coordinate nationwide
operations.

The primary purpose of this center is to assist areas where dangerous drug
trafficking networks are most prevalent, and areas that have become high-
priority for this issue. The HIDTA Assistance Center has a more
comprehensive and strategic approach that assists law enforcement agencies
with training, technical support, and advanced technology. All of this work is
done with a single goal: to reduce drug trafficking and protect local
communities from these risks.

Dynamic Role of the National HIDTA Assistance Center:

The National HIDTA Assistance Center has a very dynamic and broad role. This center not only provides resources to agencies but also provides a centralized platform where local, state and federal law enforcement agencies work together. An important aspect of this is that through the HIDTA programs, each agency has a proper roadmap for how to confront drug traffickers and how they can track them.

Another important role that the National HIDTA Assistance Center plays is continuous evaluation and improvement. Agencies working under the HIDTA programs are regularly evaluated, where their performances are reviewed and recommendations are made for improvements. This center is not just a supporting agency, but a guiding force that is constantly improving law enforcement in HIDTA areas.

HIDTA and Law Enforcement Agencies:

Law enforcement agencies achieve a comprehensive support system through HIDTA programs. The National HIDTA Assistance Center forms a powerful network among law enforcement agencies that provides them with critical information and real-time intelligence. One example is when a large drug trafficking cartel is identified in a HIDTA area, the information is shared with law enforcement agencies across the country, allowing them to track the movements of those traffickers and take action against them.

This real-time communication and intelligence sharing is a huge advantage of the HIDTA Assistance Center, which makes the efforts of agencies more coordinated and organized. Each agency benefits from being able to access resources and guidance from other agencies through the HIDTA network, whether for training, assistance in special operations, or technical and forensic analysis tools.

The Relationship Between Drug Trafficking and Drug Abuse:

Another important aspect that is often overlooked is the deep relationship between drug trafficking and drug abuse. The main goal of drug trafficking is to bring illegal drugs to market, but its impact is disproportionately on local communities where drug abuse is prevalent. Wherever drug trafficking is prevalent, local people, especially youth, fall victim to drugs.

A significant part of HIDTA programs are drug abuse prevention and public awareness campaigns. Outreach programs are also run in schools and colleges through the HIDTA Assistance Center where young people are warned about the dangerous dangers of drugs. These efforts are conducted in conjunction with law enforcement, where they work to catch drug traffickers as well as protect local communities from drug abuse.

These programs are part of an extended outreach where the HIDTA Assistance Center promotes partnerships between law enforcement agencies and local organizations. Such campaigns are not just focused on prevention, but also help drug addicts enter treatment and recovery through rehabilitation programs.

Technology and HIDTA Assistance Center:

In today’s world, it has become increasingly important to dismantle and trace drug trafficker networks through technology. The HIDTA Assistance Center provides law enforcement agencies with advanced tools and technology to meet these challenges. Digital surveillance systems, artificial intelligence tools, and data analytics have become an important part of HIDTA programs.